Interesting Planetary Discoveries

• by ajamyajax

  "Kepler-432b is a dense, massive celestial body with extreme seasons"

  by Dr. Guido Thimm

  http://phys.org/news/2015-02-kepler-432b-dense-massive-celestial-body.html

  KepID,KOI Name,Kepler Name,Confirmed Name

  10864656 ,K01299.01,Kepler-432 b,Kepler-432 b

  from:
  http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=keplernames

  Posted February 13, 2015 1:44 PM

• by DZM admin

  The majority of known planets moving around giant stars have large and
  circular orbits. With its small and highly elongated orbit,
  Kepler-432b is a real 'maverick' among planets of this type," says Dr.
  Davide Gandolfi

  That's pretty cool! Although at 500-1000 degrees Celsius (and imminent death-by-red-giant), I won't be planning any vacations there anytime soon. 😃

  Posted February 13, 2015 6:00 PM

• by ajamyajax

  This new paper looks encouraging in confirming planets with only grazing transits visible:

  "Kepler-447b: a hot-Jupiter with an extremely grazing transit"

  J. Lillo-Box, D. Barrado, N. C. Santos, L. Mancini, P. Figueira, S. Ciceri, Th. Henning

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03267

  "Usually, V-shaped eclipses are classified as false positives. They are mainly identified as eclipsing binaries with stars of similar sizes or grazing stellar eclipses. However, the combination of transit and radial velocity measurements can reveal the planetary nature of the transiting object. If a planetary mass is found for the transiting object, the V-shape is then explained as a grazing planetary eclipse. To date, just one planetary grazing eclipse has been reported and confirmed to accomplish the grazing criterion (b + Rp/R⋆ > 1) over 3σ (WASP-67b, Hellier et al. 2012; Mancini et al. 2014)."

  "The discovery of such grazing planetary transits opens an interesting window. In this configuration, any (even small) gravitational perturbation due to the presence of additional bodies in the system (like outer planets, exomoons, Trojans, etc.) would throw off the planet from its standard Keplerian orbit. Such effect would possibly induce a periodic variation in the impact parameter of the orbit that would be detectable in the transit data, so that they could become indirectly detectable (e.g., Kipping 2010)."

  Posted February 14, 2015 2:30 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Disintegrating rocky exoplanet could unlock secrets to how our solar system was formed"

  by Rebecca Wilhelm

  http://phys.org/news/2015-02-disintegrating-rocky-exoplanet-secrets-solar.html

  Posted February 21, 2015 8:37 PM

• by ajamyajax

  And new four-star news in this article that mentions one of Planet Hunters' finds...

  "Planet 'reared' by four parent stars"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-03-planet-reared-parent-stars.html

  "The first four-star planet, KIC 4862625, was discovered in 2013 by citizen scientists using public data from NASA's Kepler mission."

  "Planet Hunters: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet in a Quadruple Star System"

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.3612

  Posted March 5, 2015 1:29 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "First exoplanet visible light spectrum"

  by ESO, Garching

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/04/first-exoplanet-visible-light-spectrum

  Posted April 29, 2015 1:32 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers discover three super-Earths orbiting nearby star"

  by University of California - Santa Cruz

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/04/astronomers-discover-three-super-earths-orbiting-nearby-star

  Posted April 30, 2015 6:19 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "New exoplanet too big for its stars"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-05-exoplanet-big-stars.html

  Posted May 1, 2015 3:31 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  Follow-up: Note the amateur contributions mentioned in this article...

  'Puffed up planet' orbiting small star discovered by Australian astronomers

  By Susannah Cullinane, CNN

  http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/01/world/space-hats6-exoplanet/index.html

  Posted May 1, 2015 6:55 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "What Would It Be Like to Live on Alien Planet Kepler-186f?"

  by Joseph Castro, Space.com Contributor

  http://www.space.com/29020-living-on-alien-planet-kepler-186f.html

  Posted May 10, 2015 5:44 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Earth-like planets are more likely to orbit Sun-like stars than lower-mass stars"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-05-earth-like-planets-orbit-sun-like-stars.html

  Posted May 27, 2015 6:21 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Researchers identify circular orbits for 74 small exoplanets"

  by Jennifer Chu

  http://phys.org/news/2015-06-circular-orbits-small-exoplanets.html

  Posted June 1, 2015 6:02 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "An inflated massive Hot Jupiter transiting a bright F star followed up with K2.0 observations"

  C. X. Huang, J. D. Hartman, G. Á. Bakos, K. Penev, W. Bhatti, A. Bieryla, M. de Val-Borro, D. W. Latham, L. A. Buchhave, Z. Csubry, G. Kovács, B. Béky, E. Falco, P. Berlind, M. L. Calkins, G. A. Esquerdo, J. Lázár, I. Papp, P. Sári

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.01776

  (this is EPIC 202126852)

  Posted June 8, 2015 7:44 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Mercury sole survivor of close orbiting planets"

  by Astrobiology Magazine

  http://phys.org/news/2015-06-mercury-sole-survivor-orbiting-planets.html

  Posted June 8, 2015 7:44 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Alien Planet Is Smaller Than Earth and Surprisingly Light"

  by Charles Q. Choi, SPACE.com

  http://news.yahoo.com/alien-planet-smaller-earth-surprisingly-light-172320126.html

  Posted June 17, 2015 10:04 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Hubble sees a 'behemoth' bleeding atmosphere around a warm exoplanet"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-06-red-dwarf-planet-hydrogen-massive.html

  Posted June 25, 2015 5:35 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Are the ancient planets discovered around Kapteyn's Star for real?"

  by David Dickinson, Universe Today

  "Based on our analysis of the star's magnetic activity, we determined the star has a rotation period that is three times that of the orbital period for 'planet b.' Theoretical simulations have predicted—and subsequent observations have proven—that a star can create Doppler signals at integer fractions of its rotation period (that is, one half, one third, etc).."

  Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-07-ancient-planets-kapteyn-star-real.html

  Posted July 8, 2015 3:56 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Jupiter twin discovered around solar twin"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-07-jupiter-twin-solar.html

  "Astronomers discover 'Jupiter 2.0.' Could Earth 2.0 be next?"

  by Gretel Kauffman

  http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/Science-Notebook/2015/0715/Astronomers-discover-Jupiter-2.0.-Could-Earth-2.0-be-next

  Posted July 17, 2015 12:18 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "NASA Hosts Media Telecon About Latest Kepler Discoveries"

  http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2015-239

  Posted July 23, 2015 2:01 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  "NASA's Kepler Mission Discovers Bigger, Older Cousin to Earth"

  http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2015-245

  "Kepler-452b has a diameter 60 percent larger than Earth and is considered a super-Earth-size planet. While its mass and composition are not yet determined, previous research suggests that planets the size of Kepler-452b have a good chance of being rocky."

  "While Kepler-452b is larger than Earth, its 385-day orbit is only 5 percent longer. The planet is 5 percent farther from its parent star, Kepler-452, than Earth is from the sun. Kepler-452 is 6 billion years old, 1.5 billion years older than our sun, has the same temperature, and is 20 percent brighter, with a diameter 10 percent larger."

  Posted July 23, 2015 6:22 PM

• by zoo3hans in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  This seems to be a very interesting planet indeed!

  Posted July 23, 2015 7:10 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to zoo3hans's comment.

  Yes, and finding an Earth analog as Meg called it was one of main reasons I started working here some four years ago now (and you before me, as I well remember).

  Kepler-452b is: KOI-7016.01 KIC 8311864 b

  http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler+452+b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET

  Posted July 23, 2015 7:30 PM

• by paradise2012

  Does Kepler 452b have a SPH number, wonder if Planet hunters viewed its light curves?

  Posted July 24, 2015 11:26 AM

• by zoo3hans in response to paradise2012's comment.

  A quick search in (Old)Talk for its KIC number (KOI-07016, KIC-8311864) did turn up nothing. I assume the planet is too small to be seen by eye in the light curves.

  Posted July 26, 2015 8:14 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Telescopes team up to find distant Uranus-sized planet through microlensing"

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/07/telescopes-team-up-to-find-distant-uranus-sized-planet-through-microlensing

  Posted August 1, 2015 4:31 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Exoplanets 20/20: Looking back to the future"

  by Pat Brennan

  http://phys.org/news/2015-07-exoplanets-future.html

  Posted August 1, 2015 4:31 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers find star with three super-Earths"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-07-astronomers-star-super-earths.html

  (see also)

  "Spitzer confirms closest rocky exoplanet"

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/07/spitzer-confirms-closest-rocky-exoplanet

  Posted August 1, 2015 4:32 PM

• by Shellface in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  The fanfare's been modest, but this is absolutely up there as one of the most important discoveries in exoplanet history. Even though the transits are grazing, the value of transits on a 5th-magnitude star is incomparable.

  Posted August 1, 2015 9:30 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "The 6 Most Earth-like Alien Planets"

  by Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor

  http://www.space.com/30172-six-most-earth-like-alien-planets.html

  Posted August 6, 2015 6:56 PM

• by ajamyajax

  Astronomers discover a tenth transiting "Tatooine"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-08-astronomers-tenth-transiting-tatooine.html

  (more)

  Astronomers discover a 10th transiting "Tatooine"

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/08/astronomers-discover-a-10th-transiting-tatooine

  Posted August 8, 2015 3:13 AM

• by zoo3hans in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  Yes, interesting, and it's also in the habitable zone of the system!

  Posted August 8, 2015 1:21 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Methane, water enshroud nearby Jupiter-like exoplanet"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-08-methane-enshroud-nearby-jupiter-like-exoplanet.html

  (and)

  " 'Young Jupiter' exoplanet discovery: Q&A with astronomer Eric Nielsen"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2015-08-young-jupiter-exoplanet-discovery-qa.html

  Posted August 13, 2015 10:35 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Earth-Like Alien World Could Have Vast Oceans"

  by Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor

  http://www.space.com/30260-earth-sized-planet-could-have-oceans.html

  You know what, we found this one as well (Kepler-62f).. And about 3 months before the NASA/Kepler press conference that announced that find, too. Of course their science team had already been working on it for some time. But it was still a thrill. 😃

  http://oldtalk.planethunters.org/discussions/DPH101owp4

  Posted August 17, 2015 3:50 PM

• by Shellface

  Ooh… I never really thought about it, but with a period ratio of 2.18, it's possible that the two outer planets have non-zero TTVs. That would be… interesting, to say the least…

  Posted August 18, 2015 1:28 AM

• by ajamyajax in response to Shellface's comment.

  Yes, maybe some anti-correlated TTV between the two outer planets from what I can see. But limited data and a relatively wide plot range for the p=122.x object here worth noting also.

  

  Posted August 20, 2015 5:58 PM

• by Artman40

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.02411

  "WASP-47: A Hot Jupiter System with Two Additional Planets Discovered by K2"

  It's one of the few hot Jupiters to have additional rocky planets. I think there's also 55 Cancri.

  Posted August 23, 2015 12:15 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Finding new worlds with a play of light and shadow"

  by Francis Reddy

  http://phys.org/news/2015-10-worlds-shadow.html

  (please note mention of ringed planet discovery; missed seeing news about this before)

  Posted November 5, 2015 3:19 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers explain the low number of discovered grazing planets"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2015-11-astronomers-grazing-planets.html

  Posted November 9, 2015 2:53 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Venus' twin? Earth-sized rocky planet orbiting a nearby star"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-11-earth-sized-rocky-planet-orbiting-nearby.html

  (and)

  "Astronomers are eager to get a whiff of newfound Venus-like planet"

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/11/astronomers-are-eager-to-get-a-whiff-of-newfound-venus-like-planet

  Posted November 11, 2015 10:05 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "A blue, neptune-size exoplanet around a red dwarf star"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-11-blue-neptune-size-exoplanet-red-dwarf.html

  Posted November 27, 2015 4:54 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "What kinds of stars form rocky planets?"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-12-kinds-stars-rocky-planets.html

  Posted December 3, 2015 10:23 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Over half of the giant Kepler planets may not be planets after all"

  http://www.cnet.com/news/over-half-the-giant-kepler-planets-may-not-be-planets-after-all/#ftag=YHF65cbda0

  Here is the paper:

  "SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVII. The physical properties of giant exoplanets within 400 days of period"

  A. Santerne, C. Moutou, M. Tsantaki, F. Bouchy, G. Hébrard, V. Adibekyan, J.-M. Almenara, L. Amard, S. C. C. Barros, I. Boisse, A. S. Bonomo, G. Bruno, B. Courcol, M. Deleuil, O. Demangeon, R. F. Díaz, T. Guillot, M. Havel, G. Montagnier, A. S. Rajpurohit, J. Rey, N. C. Santos

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.00643

  Posted December 5, 2015 1:05 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Nearby star hosts closest alien planet in the 'habitable zone'"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-12-nearby-star-hosts-closest-alien.html

  Posted December 16, 2015 10:28 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Monster planet is 'dancing with the stars'"

  http://phys.org/news/2015-12-monster-planet-stars.html

  Posted December 16, 2015 10:28 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Rocky Planet Found Around Star with Least Metal Yet"

  by Jesse Emspak, Space.com Contributor

  http://www.space.com/31456-rocky-planet-found-unlikely-star.html

  Posted December 26, 2015 10:11 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "NASA's Kepler Comes Roaring Back with 100 New Exoplanet Finds"

  by Sarah Lewin, Staff Writer

  http://www.space.com/31528-100-alien-planets-discovery-nasa-kepler-spacecraft.html

  Posted January 7, 2016 12:07 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Kepler marks 1,000th exoplanet discovery, uncovers more small worlds in habitable zones"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-01-kepler-1000th-exoplanet-discovery-uncovers.html

  Posted January 10, 2016 3:49 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Two giant planets detected around an evolved intermediate-mass star"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-01-giant-planets-evolved-intermediate-mass-star.html

  Posted January 21, 2016 3:04 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Largest Rocky World Found"

  by Evan Gough

  http://www.universetoday.com/127325/largest-rocky-world-found/

  Posted February 11, 2016 7:43 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Researchers determine physical conditions of two exoplanets in Kepler-36 system"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-02-physical-conditions-exoplanets-kepler-.html

  Posted February 11, 2016 7:44 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "First detection of super-earth atmosphere"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-02-super-earth-atmosphere.html

  Posted February 18, 2016 1:56 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers detect five new 'hot Jupiters'"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-02-astronomers-hot-jupiters.html

  Posted February 18, 2016 1:57 AM

• by zoo3hans

  "Transiting Planet Candidates Beyond the Snow Line"

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1602.07848

  Posted February 27, 2016 9:17 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers discover two new 'hot Jupiter' exoplanets"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-03-astronomers-hot-jupiter-exoplanets.html

  Posted March 11, 2016 1:51 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Four new giant planets detected around giant stars"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-03-giant-planets-stars.html

  Posted March 15, 2016 11:57 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Most eccentric planet ever known flashes astronomers with reflected light"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-03-eccentric-planet-astronomers.html

  Posted March 19, 2016 1:37 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Gas giant planet discovered near the Milky Way's bulge"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-03-gas-giant-planet-milky-bulge.html

  Posted March 23, 2016 2:11 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Observations of an extreme-weather planet raise questions about hot Jupiters' origins"

  by Jennifer Chu

  http://phys.org/news/2016-03-extreme-weather-planet-hot-jupiters.html

  Posted March 28, 2016 7:56 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  Check out the relative brightness chart in this related article... Really neat.

  "Investigating the mystery of migrating 'hot Jupiters'"

  by Whitney Clavin

  http://phys.org/news/2016-03-mystery-migrating-hot-jupiters.html

  Posted March 29, 2016 4:36 PM

• by ajamyajax

  Cold Neptune found with microlensing; check out the light curve on page 25 of this study:

  "Spitzer Parallax of OGLE-2015-BLG-0966: A Cold Neptune in the Galactic Disk"

  Street, R.A. et al.

  http://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.07027v1.pdf

  Posted April 15, 2016 5:39 PM

• by davidbundy77

  55 Cancri e

  "Map of rocky exoplanet reveals a lava world" - University of Cambridge

  http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/map-of-rocky-exoplanet-reveals-a-lava-world?utm_medium=email&utm_source=alumnewsletter

  Posted April 19, 2016 4:28 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to davidbundy77's comment.

  Thanks for posting. An excellent and inspiring 6min video by the University of Cambridge also.

  Posted April 19, 2016 9:07 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Earth-like planet may exist in a nearby star system"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-04-earth-like-planet-nearby-star.html

  Posted April 21, 2016 5:50 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers discover seven new giant exoplanets"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-04-astronomers-giant-exoplanets.html

  Posted April 21, 2016 5:50 PM

• by ajamyajax

  Noteworthy planet hunting news: "Three potentially habitable worlds found around nearby ultracool dwarf star"

  "These worlds have sizes and temperatures similar to those of Venus and Earth and are the best targets found so far for the search for life outside the solar system."

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/05/three-potentially-habitable-worlds-found-around-nearby-ultracool-dwarf-star

  Posted May 2, 2016 10:40 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "NASA to Announce Latest Kepler Discoveries During Media Teleconference"

  http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2016-122

  "NASA will host a news teleconference at 10 a.m. PDT (1 p.m. EDT) Tuesday, May 10 to announce the latest discoveries made by its planet-hunting mission, the Kepler Space Telescope."

  ...

  "Has NASA’s Planet-Hunting Kepler Space Telescope Found A New Earth?"

  https://www.yahoo.com/news/has-nasas-planet-hunting-kepler-space-telescope-110541469.html

  Posted May 6, 2016 4:49 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  "NASA's Kepler Mission Announces Largest Collection of Planets Ever Discovered"

  http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2016-125

  "1,285 New Planets (Not a typo!)"

  "May 10, 2016 • Today marks another milestone in exoplanet science: the Kepler Mission's media announcement revealed the validation of 1,284 Kepler exoplanets. We've also added Kepler-539 c from another paper, bringing our confirmed exoplanet count to 3,264. Click to view a filtered data table of today's new planets:"

  http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblSearch/nph-tblSearch?app=ExoTbls&config=exomultpars&collist=mpl_hostname_display,mpl_letter,mpl_def,mpl_reflink,mpl_discmethod,mpl_pnum,mpl_orbperstr,mpl_orbsmaxstr,mpl_orbeccenstr,mpl_massjstr,mpl_msinijstr,mpl_radjstr,mpl_densstr,mpl_orbinclstr,ra,dec,mst_teffstr ,mst_massstr,mst_radstr,hd_name,hip_name,rowupdate&where=(rowupdate='2016-05-10' and mpl_def=1)

  From: http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/index.html

  "FALSE POSITIVE PROBABILITIES FOR ALL KEPLER OBJECTS OF INTEREST: 1284 NEWLY VALIDATED PLANETS AND 428 LIKELY FALSE POSITIVES"

  Timothy D. Morton, Stephen T. Bryson, Jeffrey L. Coughlin, Jason F. Rowe, Ganesh Ravichandran, Erik A. Petigura, Michael R. Haas, and Natalie M. Batalha

  http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~tdm/koi-fpp/ms.pdf

  Posted May 10, 2016 9:40 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Kepler-62e: Super-Earth & Possible Water World"

  By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor

  http://www.space.com/24129-kepler-62e.html

  Posted May 12, 2016 7:11 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Kepler-69c: Earth-Size Planet in Star's Habitable Zone"

  By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor

  http://www.space.com/24172-kepler-69c.html

  Posted May 16, 2016 2:28 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers find giant planet around very young star"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-05-astronomers-giant-planet-young-star.html

  Posted May 26, 2016 6:59 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomy student discovers four new planets"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-05-astronomy-student-planets.html

  KOI 205.02 (KIC 7046804, Kepler-492)
  
  KOI 290.02 (KIC 10488450, but per CFOP about 290.01 -- listed as a False Positive: Significant Secondary Event, Centroid Offset)
  
  KOI 408.05 (KIC 5351250, Kepler-150)
  
  KOI 488.02 (KIC 2557816, Kepler-575)
  

  Note the confirmed planets above are for the previous KOI discoveries.

  Posted June 1, 2016 4:15 PM

• by Artman40

  Is there a paper about those discoveries?

  Also, since KOI numbers are small, can we assume that just first 600 or so KOIs were examined?

  Posted June 4, 2016 3:39 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to Artman40's comment.

  Hopefully you will see their paper soon, and it will answer your questions.

  Posted June 7, 2016 6:10 PM

• by ajamyajax

  Astronomers discover a giant planet spinning up its star

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-06-astronomers-giant-planet-star.html

  Posted June 7, 2016 6:11 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  "How a college senior found 4 new planets"

  By John Wenz

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/06/how-a-college-senior-found-4-new-planets

  "Her process speaks to a newer trend in astronomy: the use of archival data to draw out new discoveries. Kepler’s data set is openly available, and a site called PlanetHunters.org even allows the public to help find transits of planets across the light of their home stars."

  Posted June 8, 2016 11:21 PM

• by Artman40

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.02398

  2 out of 3 "planets" mentioned here were validated with that that 1270 or so validation. Both of them + 1 candidate turned out to be stars instead. Looks like mass validation didn't take orbital brightness modulations into account.

  Posted June 9, 2016 5:31 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Kepler-1647b: New planet is largest discovered that orbits two suns"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-06-kepler-1647b-planet-largest-orbits-suns.html

  KIC 5473556, KOI-2939, Kepler-1647

  "Kepler-1647b: the largest and longest-period Kepler transiting circumbinary planet"

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.00189v2

  "Scientists discover a giant planet that orbits two suns – and could have habitable moons"

  By Rachel Feltman

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/06/13/scientists-discover-a-giant-planet-that-orbits-two-suns-and-could-have-habitable-moons/

  Posted June 14, 2016 1:53 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Unexpected excess of giant planets in star cluster"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-06-unexpected-excess-giant-planets-star.html

  Posted June 17, 2016 5:39 PM

• by Shellface

  M67 is in the Campaign 5 field. As I have said before there are mild odds that at least one of the known planets are transiting, but I'm not sure if there's any public reduction that deals with the M67 superstamp.

  Posted June 17, 2016 9:54 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to Shellface's comment.

  Well maybe some good news, looks like anybody can browse through the M67 targets this way:

  I looked up Messier 67 (also known as M67 or NGC 2682) and the coordinates are 08h 51.3m, +11° 49′ (08h51.3m, +11d49m)

  From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_67

  Then went here and entered RA 08h51.3m and Dec +11d49m, plus a Radius (arcmin) of 5.00, and saw more than a few CLUSTER.M67 object types.

  https://archive.stsci.edu/k2/data_search/search.php

  Edit(2): M67's angular diameter is 30 arc-minutes..
  
  http://www.astropixels.com/openclusters/M67-01.html

  Posted June 17, 2016 11:44 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Teenagers on work experience discover new planet"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-06-teenagers-planet.html

  Posted July 1, 2016 1:10 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Newly discovered planet has 3 suns"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-07-newly-planet-suns.html

  Be sure to check out the artists impression animation also, it's really something.

  Posted July 8, 2016 1:41 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers discover a highly inflated sub-Saturn extrasolar planet"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-07-astronomers-highly-inflated-sub-saturn-extrasolar.html

  Posted July 13, 2016 10:03 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Kepler confirms more than 100 planets in single trove"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-07-kepler-planets-trove.html

  More information (from the above): "197 Candidates and 104 Validated Planets in K2's First Five Fields,"
  www.lpl.arizona.edu/~ianc/docs/crossfield_K2s_new_planets.pdf

  Posted July 18, 2016 7:26 PM

• by zoo3hans in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  List of EPIC numbers: (197 candidates/planets)

  201155177.01
  201176672.01
  201205469.01
  201208431.01
  201247497.01
  201295312.01
  201324549.01
  201338508.01
  201338508.02
  201345483.01
  201367065.01
  201367065.02
  201367065.03
  201384232.01
  201393098.01
  201403446.01
  201445392.01
  201445392.02
  201465501.01
  201505350.02
  201505350.01
  201505350.03
  201512465.01
  201546283.01
  201549860.01
  201549860.02
  201565013.01
  201577035.01
  201596316.01
  201613023.01
  201617985.01
  201626686.01
  201629650.01
  201635569.01
  201637175.01
  201647718.01
  201677835.01
  201690311.01
  201702477.01
  201713348.01
  201713348.02
  201717274.01
  201736247.01
  201754305.02
  201754305.01
  201828749.01
  201833600.01
  201855371.01
  201862715.01
  201912552.01
  201920032.01
  201928106.01
  202059377.01
  202066537.01
  202071289.01
  202071401.01
  202071645.01
  202083828.01
  202088212.01
  202126849.01
  202126852.01
  202126887.01
  202126888.01
  202565282.01
  202675839.01
  202900527.01
  203294831.01
  203485624.01
  203581469.01
  203710387.01
  203771098.01
  203771098.02
  203776696.01
  203823381.01
  203826436.03
  203826436.01
  203826436.02
  203929178.01
  204043888.01
  204129699.01
  204221263.01
  204221263.02
  204489514.01
  204873331.01
  204890128.01
  205029914.01
  205064326.01
  205071984.02
  205071984.01
  205071984.03
  205084841.01
  205145448.01
  205148699.01
  205570849.01
  205686202.01
  205703094.01
  205703094.02
  205703094.03
  205916793.01
  205924614.01
  205944181.01
  205947161.01
  205990339.01
  205999468.01
  206011496.01
  206011691.02
  206011691.01
  206024342.01
  206026136.01
  206026904.01
  206026904.02
  206026904.03
  206027655.01
  206027655.02
  206028176.01
  206036749.01
  206038483.01
  206044803.01
  206061524.01
  206065006.01
  206096602.01
  206096602.02
  206101302.01
  206101302.02
  206103150.03
  206103150.01
  206103150.02
  206114294.01
  206125618.01
  206135267.01
  206144956.01
  206153219.01
  206154641.01
  206155547.01
  206159027.01
  206162305.01
  206181769.01
  206192335.01
  206192813.01
  206209135.01
  206209135.02
  206209135.03
  206209135.04
  206245553.01
  206247743.01
  206267115.01
  206268299.01
  206348688.01
  206348688.02
  206403979.01
  206432863.01
  206543223.01
  207389002.01
  207517400.01
  207739861.01
  208445756.01
  208833261.01
  209036259.01
  209286622.01
  210363145.01
  210389383.01
  210400751.01
  210401157.01
  210402237.01
  210403955.01
  210403955.02
  210414957.01
  210448987.01
  210483889.01
  210508766.01
  210508766.02
  210513446.01
  210558622.01
  210577548.01
  210577548.02
  210609658.01
  210625740.01
  210659688.01
  210666756.01
  210707130.01
  210718708.01
  210731500.01
  210744674.01
  210750726.01
  210754505.01
  210789323.01
  210838726.01
  210894022.01
  210903662.01
  210957318.01
  210958990.01
  210968143.01
  210968143.02
  211077024.01
  211089792.01
  211147528.01
  211152484.01

  Posted July 19, 2016 1:09 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Alien solar system boasts tightly spaced planets, unusual orbits"

  by Adam Lowenstein

  http://phys.org/news/2016-07-alien-solar-tightly-spaced-planets.html

  Posted July 22, 2016 2:02 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Scientists to unveil new Earth-like planet: report"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-08-scientists-unveil-earth-like-planet.html

  Posted August 13, 2016 2:20 AM

• by zoo3hans in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  If true it would be a sensation : a possibly habitable planet around Proxima Centauri !

  Posted August 13, 2016 12:20 PM

• by ajamyajax in response to zoo3hans's comment.

  Indeed! And some spacecraft could travel there in x number of years, although a future generation might have to observe the returned data. Oh well, we do what we can at this moment in time. 😃

  Update:

  A number of propulsion options discussed here -- and the more you read the better it gets, but it would still take a long time to travel there:

  http://www.universetoday.com/15403/how-long-would-it-take-to-travel-to-the-nearest-star/

  Posted August 13, 2016 5:10 PM

• by davidbundy77

  First atmospheric study of Earth-sized exoplanets using Hubble telescope, Cambridge University

  http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/first-atmospheric-study-of-earth-sized-exoplanets-using-hubble-telescope

  Posted August 16, 2016 5:28 PM

• by Artman40

  One planet you forgot:

  http://arxiv.org/abs/1608.02945

  "A planet in an 840-d orbit around a Kepler main-sequence A star found from phase modulation of its pulsations"

  Or maybe a brown dwarf instead. Either way, this detection method has only been used once before.

  Posted August 27, 2016 11:08 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Jupiter-like planet discovered in a distant star system"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  http://phys.org/news/2016-09-jupiter-like-planet-distant-star.html

  Posted September 10, 2016 2:12 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers find a planet through a never-before-used method"

  by Korey Haynes

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/10/astronomers-find-a-planet-through-a-never-before-used-method

  Posted October 4, 2016 6:49 PM

• by Artman40

  Actually, this method has been used once before to detect a star around a subdwarf.

  Posted October 5, 2016 2:20 PM

• by ajamyajax

  Could be an interesting school project for you then. 😃

  Posted October 5, 2016 3:33 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Proxima Centauri surprises with starspot cycle"
  

  https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/proxima-centauri-surprises-with-sunspot-cycle

  Posted October 18, 2016 1:06 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Cloudy nights, sunny days on distant hot Jupiters"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-10-cloudy-nights-sunny-days-distant.html

  Posted October 18, 2016 10:51 PM

• by Artman40

  By the way, why have new exoplanet announcements gone quiet soon after the discovery of Proxima b?

  Posted October 21, 2016 5:20 AM

• by Shellface in response to Artman40's comment.

  I'm sure it's a coincidence. But, it is true that there has not been much news since September.

  Posted October 21, 2016 9:50 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "A rare opportunity for planet hunting in Alpha Centauri A predicted for 2028"
  

  http://phys.org/news/2016-10-rare-opportunity-planet-alpha-centauri.html

  Posted October 24, 2016 1:22 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Earth-sized planets with abundant water statistically likely around red dwarfs"
  

  http://phys.org/news/2016-10-earth-sized-planets-abundant-statistically-red.html

  Posted October 25, 2016 11:59 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Discovery Of A Nearby Super Earth With Only 5 Times Our Mass"

  http://www.universetoday.com/131879/discovery-nearby-super-earth-5-times-mass/

  Posted November 14, 2016 12:11 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "An Earth-like extrasolar planet could harbor extraterrestrial life"

  by Nicole Kiefert

  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/11/extrasolar-planet-could-harbor-extraterrestrial-life

  Posted November 29, 2016 2:09 AM

• by ajamyajax

  Dr. Fischer quoted in this news:

  "Astronomers discover dark past of planet-eating 'Death Star'"

  by Greg Borzo

  http://phys.org/news/2016-12-astronomers-dark-planet-eating-death-star.html

  Posted December 15, 2016 10:33 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Searching a sea of 'noise' to find exoplanets—using only data as a guide"

  http://phys.org/news/2016-12-sea-noise-exoplanetsusing.html

  Posted December 22, 2016 3:18 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "NASA teases a major new exoplanet discovery"

  "The space agency is holding a news conference Wednesday to announce a big new find of planets beyond our solar system but still in the same neighborhood of the Milky Way."

  by Eric Mack

  https://www.cnet.com/news/nasa-space-exoplanet-preview-sara-seager/

  Posted February 21, 2017 12:07 AM

• by Artman40

  Is it a new Trappist planet?

  Posted February 21, 2017 5:56 AM

• by zoo3hans in response to Artman40's comment.

  From http://solar-flux.forumandco.com/t1809-nasa-to-host-news-conference-wednesday-feb-22 :

  Re: NASA to Host News Conference Wednesday, Feb. 22

  Post by tesh90 Today at 4:23 am

  NASAwatch suggests it might have to do with Alpha CentauriBb - the single observation of a longer period earth like planet rather than the (Hubble) "unconfirmed" shorter period planet.

  Posted February 21, 2017 9:38 AM

• by ajamyajax

  Artman40 guesses correctly. Or maybe he secretly works for NASA or the ESA??...

  "This tiny solar system packs in seven Earth-size planets"

  ... and they might all be habitable.

  By John Wenz

  http://astronomy.com/news/2017/02/seven-planets-one-solar-system

  ---

  "Temperate earth-sized worlds found in extraordinarily rich planetary system"

  https://phys.org/news/2017-02-temperate-earth-sized-worlds-extraordinarily-rich.html

  Posted February 22, 2017 7:23 PM

• by zoo3hans in response to ajamyajax's comment.

  Oh well, Trappist-1 is one of my favorite systems too. I've read that K2 will also observe it.

  From https://spacefellowship.com/news/art50196/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around-single-star.html

  NASA’s planet-hunting Kepler space telescope also is studying the TRAPPIST-1 system, making measurements of the star’s minuscule changes in brightness due to transiting planets. Operating as the K2 mission, the spacecraft’s observations will allow astronomers to refine the properties of the known planets, as well as search for additional planets in the system. The K2 observations conclude in early March and will be made available on the public archive.

  From https://keplerscience.arc.nasa.gov/data/k2-programs/GO12046.txt (Campaign 12, Dec 15 2016 - Mar 4 2017)

  TITLE. Dynamical masses and additional companions in the TRAPPIST-1 system

  SUMMARY. We propose to use K2 to conduct an intensive monitoring of TRAPPIST-1, a nearby ultracool dwarf star around which 3 Earth-size planets have just been detected (Gillon+, Nature, in press). The main aims of this programme are to constrain the masses of these planets and to search for additional companions in the system.

  SCIENCE GOALS. Our primary science goal is to measure precise transit timings for the three planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1. We expect minimum transit timing variations (TTV) of the order of 40s for the two inner planets. We require short-cadence observations as to precisely constrain the ingress and egress times, which will provide significantly enhanced accuracy on the transit timings, compared to long-cadence observations. None of these planets will have their masses measured by radial velocities anytime soon, because of the small expected amplitudes (3-5 m/s) and faintness of the host star (Kp=16.9) for RV facilities. TTV therefore represent the only avenue to constrain these planets masses and densities. The secondary goal of our programme is to undertake an unprecedented search for additional bodies in this system, including planets and trojans.

  Posted February 23, 2017 8:44 AM

• by Artman40

  Is that true that during the last days when Kepler is observing it, Spitzer will also observe it?

  http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/warmmission/scheduling/observinglogs/

  http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/warmmission/scheduling/observinglogs/plan/week795.txt

  http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/warmmission/scheduling/observinglogs/plan/week796.txt

  That's all I found. But do these observations take place during transits?

  Posted February 23, 2017 9:46 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Next breakthroughs in exoplanet discovery"

  by Sheyna E. Gifford, Astrobiology Magazine

  https://phys.org/news/2017-05-breakthroughs-exoplanet-discovery.html

  Posted May 1, 2017 6:42 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Surprise! When a brown dwarf is actually a planetary mass object"

  https://phys.org/news/2017-05-brown-dwarf-planetary-mass.html

  Posted May 10, 2017 2:11 AM

• by ajamyajax

  Well, almost a planet... But noteworthy because it's another citizen scientist project that worked.

  "Citizen scientists uncover a cold new world near sun"

  https://phys.org/news/2017-06-citizen-scientists-uncover-cold-world.html

  --or--

  https://www.space.com/37125-citizen-scientists-discovery-sun-newest-neighbor.html

  Posted June 4, 2017 1:06 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Two new massive planets detected around the star HD 27894"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  https://phys.org/news/2017-06-massive-planets-star-hd.html

  Posted June 12, 2017 1:27 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "The seven most extreme planets ever discovered"

  by Christian Schroeder

  https://phys.org/news/2017-06-extreme-planets.html

  Posted June 12, 2017 1:28 PM

• by Artman40

  Non-transiting hot Jupiter candidate list has been released for the main Kepler field stars.

  https://smillholland.github.io/Non-transiting_HJs/

  Paper in question here:
  https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.06602

  Basically, someone did some more algorithms on main Kepler field stars to find non-transiting hot Jupiters through the orbital brightness modulation methods. What resulted was 60 candidates with >97% confidence of signals being a real thing. I wonder why 97% was a threshold though. Since hot Jupiters can easily be confirmed via radial velocity method, would 90% of reliability be enough?

  Posted June 22, 2017 6:38 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Kepler has taught us that rocky planets are common"

  by Alison Hawkes, Astrobiology Magazine

  https://phys.org/news/2017-06-kepler-taught-rocky-planets-common.html

  Posted June 29, 2017 1:28 PM

• by Artman40

  https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.01518

  https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.01500

  Two papers independently confirm planet known as KELT-20b or MASCARA 2b. It's a transiting hot Jupiter that transits a v-magnitude 7.6 star. One of the brightest stars with transiting planet.

  Posted July 7, 2017 10:21 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Brown dwarfs are as plentiful as stars"
  

  By John Wenz

  http://astronomy.com/news/2017/07/100-billion-brown-dwarfs

  (Edit; related article)

  "Researchers searching for signs of extraterrestrial life just got some very bad news"

  By Mike Wehner

  https://www.yahoo.com/tech/researchers-searching-signs-extraterrestrial-life-just-got-very-172215315.html

  (but wait, there's more)

  "Citizen science project discovers new brown dwarf"

  https://phys.org/news/2017-07-citizen-science-brown-dwarf.html

  Posted July 7, 2017 5:06 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Odd planetary system around fast-spinning star doesn't quite fit existing models of planet formation"
  
  https://phys.org/news/2017-07-discovery-exoplanet-spherevlt.html

  Posted July 7, 2017 5:24 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Our nearest neighboring planet may have a sister world"

  By John Wenz

  http://astronomy.com/news/2017/07/nearest-planet-sister-world

  Posted July 7, 2017 11:30 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers find two classes of gas giant planets"

  By Alison Klesman

  http://astronomy.com/news/2017/07/two-classes-of-gas-giants

  Posted July 8, 2017 1:42 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "New 'hot Jupiter' with short orbital period discovered"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  https://phys.org/news/2017-07-hot-jupiter-short-orbital-period.html

  Posted July 12, 2017 4:03 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "The hunt is on for planets around some of our closest neighboring stars"

  By John Wenz

  http://astronomy.com/news/2017/07/hunt-for-nearby-exoplanets

  https://reddots.space/

  "Proxima Centauri HARPS data release #1"

  https://reddots.space/proxima-centauri-harps-data-release-1/

  Posted July 18, 2017 10:23 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Hubble detects exoplanet with glowing water atmosphere"

  https://phys.org/news/2017-08-hubble-exoplanet-atmosphere.html

  (update: new article with more info and a slow-moving video!)

  "Hubble Telescope Detects Stratosphere on Huge Alien Planet"

  by Tereza Pultarova, Space.com Contributor

  https://amp.space.com/37705-exoplanet-stratosphere-detected-wasp-121b.html

  Posted August 2, 2017 8:30 PM

• by Artman40

  A system of Earth-mass planets around the nearby M-dwarf YZ Ceti

  https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.03336

  Although radial velocity curves are still a bit dodgy.

  Posted August 14, 2017 9:18 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Another Nearby Red Dwarf Star System, Another Possible Exoplanet Discovered!"

  by Matt Williams

  https://www.universetoday.com/136837/another-nearby-red-dwarf-star-system-another-possible-exoplanet-discovered/

  Posted August 20, 2017 3:42 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Three gas giant planets discovered by astronomers"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  https://phys.org/news/2017-10-gas-giant-planets-astronomers.html

  Posted October 30, 2017 2:04 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "A potentially habitable planet has been discovered just 11 light-years away"

  by John Wenz

  http://astronomy.com/news/2017/11/a-potentially-habitable-planet-11-light-years-away

  "Close new Earth-size world, where year lasts under 10 days"

  by MARCIA DUNN [Associated Press]

  https://www.yahoo.com/news/close-earth-size-world-where-lasts-under-10-181245431.html

  Posted November 16, 2017 3:41 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Newly discovered twin planets could solve puffy planet mystery"

  https://phys.org/news/2017-11-newly-twin-planets-puffy-planet.html

  Posted November 27, 2017 4:34 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Two super-Earths around star K2-18"

  https://phys.org/news/2017-12-super-earths-star-k2-.html

  Posted December 5, 2017 4:32 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Oversized planet or undersized star?"

  http://astronomy.com/news/2017/12/planets-or-brown-dwarfs

  Posted December 6, 2017 4:15 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers discover a 'hot Jupiter' orbiting a rapidly rotating star"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski, Phys.org

  https://phys.org/news/2017-12-astronomers-hot-jupiter-orbiting-rapidly.html

  Posted December 20, 2017 5:57 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "HATSouth discovers four 'hot Jupiter' exoplanets"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  https://phys.org/news/2017-12-hatsouth-hot-jupiter-exoplanets.html

  Posted December 27, 2017 10:53 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Iron-rich stars host shorter-period planets"

  https://phys.org/news/2018-01-iron-rich-stars-host-shorter-period-planets.html

  Posted January 12, 2018 1:51 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "Astronomers discover a near-grazing transiting 'hot Jupiter'"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  https://phys.org/news/2018-02-astronomers-near-grazing-transiting-hot-jupiter.html

  Posted February 14, 2018 3:54 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "A super-Earth in Pisces might be one of the most massive ever discovered"

  by Amber Jorgenson

  http://astronomy.com/news/2018/02/a-super-earth-in-pisces-might-be-one-of-the-most-massive-ever-discovered

  Posted February 21, 2018 2:45 AM

• by ajamyajax

  "NASA finds a large amount of water in an exoplanet's atmosphere"

  NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

  https://phys.org/news/2018-03-nasa-large-amount-exoplanet-atmosphere.html

  Posted March 2, 2018 4:28 PM

• by ajamyajax

  "Eight new 'hot Jupiters' discovered by astronomers"

  by Tomasz Nowakowski

  https://phys.org/news/2018-03-hot-jupiters-astronomers.html

  ...

  "Potentially habitable super-Earth found during exoplanet search"
  

  "Of 15 recently discovered exoplanets, one could hold liquid water."
  

  http://astronomy.com/news/2018/03/potentially-habitable-super-earth-found-during-exoplanet-search

  ...

  "15 new planets confirmed around cool dwarf stars"

  Tokyo Institute of Technology

  https://phys.org/news/2018-03-planets-cool-dwarf-stars.html

  Posted March 18, 2018 5:23 PM

• by Artman40

  https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.00419.pdf

  "Independent Discovery of a Sub-Earth
  in the Habitable Zone Around a Very
  Close Solar-Mass Star"

  April Fools obviously.

  Posted April 3, 2018 11:54 AM